Shell使用zsh
介绍
Zsh（Z-shell）是一款用于交互式使用的shell，也可以作为脚本解释器来使用。其包含了 bash，ksh，tcsh 等其他shell中许多优秀功能，也拥有诸多自身特色。
安装zsh
MacOS安装zsh
我现在用的是MacOS系统，之前也是自己安装的zsh。从 macOS Catalina 版开始，其默认shell从bash改为zsh。
命令行查看安装的shell
$ cat /etc/shells
# List of acceptable shells for chpass(1).
# Ftpd will not allow users to connect who are not using
# one of these shells.
/bin/bash
/bin/csh
/bin/dash
/bin/ksh
/bin/sh
/bin/tcsh
/bin/zsh查看当前使用的shell
$ echo $SHELL
/bin/zsh这里已经是zsh了，等后面换电脑的时候我再更新一下。
ubuntu安装zsh
目前只有之前ubuntu系统安装zsh的记录，就简单整理一下。
命令行查看安装的shell
$ cat /etc/shells
# /etc/shells: valid login shells
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
/usr/bin/bash
/bin/rbash
/usr/bin/rbash
/usr/bin/sh
/bin/dash
/usr/bin/dash查看当前使用的shell
$ echo $SHELL
/bin/bash更新apt，使用了sudo需要输入密码。
$ sudo apt update
[sudo] password for tdy:
Hit:1 http://packages.microsoft.com/repos/code stable InRelease
Hit:2 https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease
Hit:3 https://linux.teamviewer.com/deb stable InRelease
Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease [110 kB]
Hit:5 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Get:6 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease [119 kB]
Hit:7 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease
Fetched 229 kB in 3s (77.4 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
8 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.通过apt安装zsh
$ sudo apt install zsh
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
gnome-terminal-data ibus-data ibus-gtk4 python3-ibus-1.0
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
zsh-common
Suggested packages:
zsh-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
zsh zsh-common
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 8 not upgraded.
Need to get 4,794 kB of archives.
After this operation, 18.2 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 zsh-common all 5.8.1-1 [3,985 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 zsh amd64 5.8.1-1 [809 kB]
Fetched 4,794 kB in 1s (4,346 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package zsh-common.
(Reading database ... 223724 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../zsh-common_5.8.1-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking zsh-common (5.8.1-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package zsh.
Preparing to unpack .../archives/zsh_5.8.1-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking zsh (5.8.1-1) ...
Setting up zsh-common (5.8.1-1) ...
Setting up zsh (5.8.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...设置默认shell
$ chsh -s /bin/zsh新启动一个终端将有如下提示:
This is the Z Shell configuration function for new users,
zsh-newuser-install.
You are seeing this message because you have no zsh startup files
(the files .zshenv, .zprofile, .zshrc, .zlogin in the directory
~). This function can help you with a few settings that should
make your use of the shell easier.
You can:
(q) Quit and do nothing. The function will be run again next time.
(0) Exit, creating the file ~/.zshrc containing just a comment.
That will prevent this function being run again.
(1) Continue to the main menu.
(2) Populate your ~/.zshrc with the configuration recommended
by the system administrator and exit (you will need to edit
the file by hand, if so desired).
--- Type one of the keys in parentheses ---选择2即可。
配置ohmyzsh
克隆清华的ohmyzsh仓库
$ git clone https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/ohmyzsh.git
Cloning into 'ohmyzsh'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 31766, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (8793/8793), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2787/2787), done.
remote: Total 31766 (delta 8178), reused 6006 (delta 6006), pack-reused 22973
Receiving objects: 100% (31766/31766), 8.55 MiB | 9.00 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (18070/18070), done.
tdy@tangdaoyong ~ % ls -a
. Desktop Music Public .viminfo
.. Documents .nvidia-settings-rc .pyenv .vscode
.bash_history Downloads ohmyzsh snap .xinputrc
.bash_logout .gitconfig .pam_environment .sogouinput .zcompdump
.bashrc .gnupg Pictures .ssh .zsh_history
.cache .local .pki .sudo_as_admin_successful .zshrc
.config .mailmaster .presage Templates 下载
.dbus matiastang .profile Videos执行安装脚本
$ cd ./ohmyzsh/tools
$ REMOTE=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/ohmyzsh.git sh install.sh
Cloning Oh My Zsh...
remote: Enumerating objects: 1370, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (1370/1370), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (1327/1327), done.
remote: Total 1370 (delta 34), reused 872 (delta 19), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (1370/1370), 2.01 MiB | 2.61 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (34/34), done.
From https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/ohmyzsh
* [new branch] master -> origin/master
Branch 'master' set up to track remote branch 'master' from 'origin'.
Already on 'master'
/home/tdy/ohmyzsh/tools
Looking for an existing zsh config...
Found /home/tdy/.zshrc. Backing up to /home/tdy/.zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh
Using the Oh My Zsh template file and adding it to /home/tdy/.zshrc.
Time to change your default shell to zsh:
Do you want to change your default shell to zsh? [Y/n] y
Changing your shell to /usr/bin/zsh...
[sudo] password for tdy:
Shell successfully changed to '/usr/bin/zsh'.
__ __
____ / /_ ____ ___ __ __ ____ _____/ /_
/ __ \/ __ \ / __ `__ \/ / / / /_ / / ___/ __ \
/ /_/ / / / / / / / / / / /_/ / / /_(__ ) / / /
\____/_/ /_/ /_/ /_/ /_/\__, / /___/____/_/ /_/
/____/ ....is now installed!
Before you scream Oh My Zsh! look over the `.zshrc` file to select plugins, themes, and options.
• Follow us on Twitter: @ohmyzsh
• Join our Discord community: Discord server
• Get stickers, t-shirts, coffee mugs and more: Planet Argon Shop安装Powerline字体
中文的显示可能有问题，所以我们需要下载并安装支持中文的字体，比如Powerline字体。
找一个目录下载字体
$ git clone https://github.com/powerline/fonts.git
Cloning into 'fonts'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 968, done.
remote: Total 968 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 968
Receiving objects: 100% (968/968), 20.28 MiB | 373.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (393/393), done.安装字体
$ cd fonts
$ ./install.sh
Copying fonts...
xargs: warning: options --max-args and --replace/-I/-i are mutually exclusive, ignoring previous --max-args value
Resetting font cache, this may take a moment...
Powerline fonts installed to /home/tdy/.local/share/fonts注意：安装完字体后一定要应用。无论是原来的Terminal还是Termintor右键都会有属性配置，把字体设置成Ubuntu Mono derivative Powerline Bold[Regulor][Italic][Bold Italic]四种中的任意一种都可以。